Yakutsk, Russia

Winter in Yakutsk

With an extreme subarctic climate, Yakutsk has the coldest winter temperatures for any city. Average monthly temperatures are −38.6 °C (−37.5 °F) in January. The coldest temperatures ever recorded on the planet outside Antarctica were at the Yana River which is northeast of Yakutsk. 

Comment: I just checked and right now the actual air temperature in Yakutsk is -54 °F.

Population: 269,601